For more information, check out this article from NASA on the planets of the Solar System and this article from Solstation about the inner planets. Earth. However, there is a lot of water in the form of ice and even prominent ice caps (Figure below). Biology, 22.06.2019 07:20, Maria3737. Since they are mostly made of gases, they are also called gas giants.Pictured below are the relative sizes of the outer planets and the Sun (Figure below) Mercury is covered with craters, like Earth’s moon. As yet Earth is the only planet known to have life. In fact, the radius of the entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This composite shows the relative sizes of the four inner planets. We have written many interesting articles about the inner planets here at Universe Today. Only two spacecraft have ever penetrated Venus’s thick atmosphere, but it’s not just man-made objects that have trouble getting through. This famous image of Earth was taken during the Apollo 17 mission to the moon. An animation of the moons orbiting Mars is seen here: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbits_of_Phobos_and_Deimos.gif. ... Uranus and Neptune contain some hydrogen and helium but also ices of ____ and ____. The four planets farthest from the Sun are the outer planets. And our Moon, the only one we have, is comprised of a mixture of various rocks and minerals. The reddish-orange color is close to what scientists think the color of sunlight would look like on the surface of Venus. Jupiter and Saturn are the outer gas giants. The outer planets are also called the Jovian planets or gas giants. The Inner Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars 2. 88 days. Here’s The Solar System Guide as well as The Inner and Outer Planets in Our Solar System. This line represents the boundary in a system where conditions are warm enough that hydrogen compounds such as water, ammonia, and methane are able to take liquid form. Venus is often called the “morning star” because, with the exception of Earth’s moon, it’s the brightest object we see in the sky. a. salinity (how much salt) of the water and high temperaturesb. The huge number of craters suggests that Moon’s surface is ancient. Terrestrial. Terrestrial planets have the identical type of structure. Compared to the inner planets, the outer planets are... answer choices . Like the other terrestrial planets, Earth has a rocky surface with mountains and canyons, and a heavy metal core. This is longer than a year on Venus—it takes Venus only 224 days to orbit the Sun. The oceans and the atmosphere help keep Earth’s surface temperatures fairly steady. However, Mercury has virtually no atmosphere, no water to insulate the surface, and it rotates very slowly. Why is this important? Although most of Mercury is extremely dry, scientists think there may be a small amount of water in the form of ice at the poles of Mercury, in areas that never receive direct sunlight. Then name them from smallest to largest. These are the four planets farthest from the Sun.The outer planets are much larger than the inner planets. Rotates opposite. The inner planets are also called the terrestrial planets. When it sets just after the Sun sets, it is the evening star. For comparison, the Grand Canyon in Arizona is about 800 km (500 mi) long and 1.6 km (1 mi) deep. Earth orbits the Sun once every 365.24 days, which is defined as a year. Why do the temperatures on some planets vary widely? Because of their similarity to Earth, the inner planets are also called _____. Because carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas, the atmosphere traps heat from the Sun and creates a powerful greenhouse effect. Atmosphere is the air around an object in space. Beyond Mars are the four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Scientists think that there is frequent, planet-wide resurfacing of Venus with volcanism taking place in many locations. Pluto is considered one of the _____. Earth’s atmosphere contains water vapor, which helps to moderate daily temperatures. In our Solar System, astronomers often divide the planets into two groups — the inner planets and the outer planets. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, and the first planet beyond Earth’s orbit (Figure below). Some of these surface features are amazing for their size! Mercury is named for the Roman messenger god, who could run extremely quickly, just as the planet moves very quickly in its orbit around the Sun. Like the inner planets, the outer planets have similar characteristics to one another. Earths closest negihbor. This image of the Maat Mons volcano with lava beds in the foreground was generated by a computer from radar data. Much of the volcanic activity is caused by plate tectonic activity. The cause is heat that builds up below the surface that has no escape until finally it destroys the crust and results in volcanoes. When Venus rises just before the Sun rises, the bright object is called the morning star. The newest moons discovered at Saturn Mars is reddish in color and has the largest mountain and the largest canyon in the solar system. Viewed from Earth, Mars is reddish in color. The inner planets are also much more closely spaced than their outer Solar System counterparts. MERCURY ______ 6 . http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/venus_worldbook.html, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqFVxWfVtoo, http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-3-questions-mars-tectonics.html, http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.html, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbits_of_Phobos_and_Deimos.gif, http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/searching-for-life-on-mars/, http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planetselector.cfm?Object=Mercury, http://solarsystem.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Kids, http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-DTJpygyk, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-KfYEQUg2s, http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Earth-Science-For-High-School/section/25.2. revolution. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the closest planet to Earth, in distance and in size. The relative sizes of the major planetary bodies in the solar system are shown in Figure 1.3. On Earth, scientists can collect and analyze the chemistry of samples, do radiometric dating to determine their ages, and look at satellite images to see large-scale features. The smallest planet, Mercury, is the planet closest to the Sun. Many features found on the surface are similar to Earth and yet are very different. (a) Mariner 10 made three flybys of Mercury in 1974 and 1975. c . Therefore, each day on Mercury is 57 Earth days long. The terrestrial planets have ____ densities. By comparison, the Grand Canyon on Earth is only 446 km (277 mi) long and about 2 km (1.2 mi) deep. Mercury is the fastest and nearest planet that orbits around the sun. There is evidence that the Moon formed when a large object — perhaps as large as the planet Mars — struck Earth in the distant past (Figure below). But on Venus, there is no evidence of plate boundaries and volcanic features do not line up the way they do at plate boundaries. Mars is smaller, colder, drier, and appears to have no life, but volcanoes are common to both planets and Mars has many. Valles Marineris is 4,000 km (2,500 mi) long, as long as Europe is wide, and one-fifth the circumference of Mars. What evidence would you look for to find the causes of volcanism on Venus? It has two small moons. Because Mercury is so close to the Sun, it is difficult to observe from Earth, even with a telescope. But the resemblance between the two inner planets ends there. The inner planets are also called _____ planets because they are similar to Earth. There are many images, movies and activities on the MESSENGER site: http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/index.php. Name two major ways in which Earth is unlike any other planet. This ultraviolet image from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter shows thick layers of clouds in the atmosphere of Venus. Venus has mountainous areas, as well as volcanoes surrounded by plains of lava. Explanation: The outer planets are formed mostly by gas, which is one of the reasons why they are bigger than the inner planets and why they are called gas giants. Sun, terrestrial planets: The inner planets are made of _____ and metallic materials. Water is a liquid at this temperature, but the planet also has water in its other two states, solid and gas. The Moon is covered with craters; it also has large plains of lava. The outermost planet is _____. Mars also has the largest canyon in the solar system, Valles Marineris (Figure below). What evidence do planetary geologists have to go on to determine the geology of the inner planets? Suppose you are planning a mission to Mars. Between its eight planets, 176 moons, 5 dwarf planets (possibly hundreds more), 659,212 known asteroids, and 3,296 known comets, it has wonders to sate the most demanding of curiosities. Figure below shows the relative sizes of these four inner planets. Venus, which is about the same size as Earth, has a thick toxic atmosphere that traps heat, making it the hottest planet in the Solar System. Venus:. 42% of Mercury's volume. Life may also be found elsewhere in the universe. Olympus Mons is about 27 km (16.7 miles/88,580 ft) above the Martian surface, more than three times taller than Mount Everest. Find out more about Venus at the following link: http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/venus_worldbook.html. MESSENGER has taken extremely detailed pictures of the planet’s surface. Generally, inner planets are smaller and denser than their counterparts, and have few to no moons or rings circling them. Mars also has some of the most interesting terrain features of any of the terrestrial planets. The atmosphere of the inner planets ranges from very thin to very thick. Venus rotates in a direction opposite the other planets and opposite to the direction it orbits the Sun. 44 days. Describe key features of each of the inner planets. It has water — about three times as much water as land. Temperatures at the surface reach 465°C (860°F). rotation. Uranus and Neptune are the outer ice giants. The innermost planet is _____. Venus also has very few impact craters compared with Mercury and the Moon. This small planet looks very much like the Earth’s Moon and is even a similar grayish color, and it even has many deep craters and is covered by a thin layer of tiny particle silicates. Mercury is one of the densest planets. The outer planets are also called gas giants. Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. This ice can melt when volcanoes erupt, and water can flow across the surface temporarily. orbit. Of the inner planets, Mercury is the closest to our Sun and the smallest of the terrestrial planets. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. All of the inner planets are small, relative to the outer planets. The volcano’s base is about the size of the state of Arizona. Mars has mountains, canyons, and other features similar to Earth. Bowl-shaped depressions called _____ formed on the surfaces of inner planets when the planets collided with other objects in space. The inner planets are those closest to the _____. We know more about Earth than about any other planet. Planet with largest mountain in the solar system. Earth is the only planet known to have plate tectonics. There is also the red planet, called Mars, where ast… It has no moons of its own and is comprised mostly of iron and nickel. Next comes Earth. 3. A video of the top five Phoenix Lander sites on Mars is seen here: http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.html. Why do you think we are going to Mars instead of Mercury or Venus? The canyon is 7 km (4.3 mi) deep. Mars. Heavier rocks formed the mantle and lighter rocks formed the crust. better. These planets are much larger than the inner planets and are made primarily of gases and liquids, so they are also called gas giants. All of them have impact craters and tectonic surface features as well, such as rift valleys and volcanoes. In recent years, astronomers have designed a new class called the “dwarf planets.” The outer planets formed where temperatures were cooler. Also, with very little atmosphere, the processes of weathering and erosion do not wear down structures on the planet. Unlike the inner planets, whose atmosphere is composed of helium and hydrogen or nitrogen and CO2, that of the outer planets is composed of helium and hydrogen alone. Space probes, rovers, and orbiting satellites have all yielded information to planetary geologists. The MESSENGER spacecraft has been studying Mercury in detail since 2005. tide. Terrestrial planets are also known as Telluric or Rocky planets. Although Earth is the third planet out from the Sun this lesson will start here. Geologically, the inner planets are all made of cooled igneous rock with iron cores, and all have been geologically active, at least early in their history.
- They have shorter orbits than the Outer Planets. Earth also has ice covering its polar regions. Venus, which is about the same size as Earth, has a thick toxic atmosphere that traps heat, making it the... Earth:. They are made mostly of silicate rocks and metals, with solid surfaces and atmospheres that range from thick (on Venus) to very thin (on Mercury). The Outer Planets. high. Mercury rotates slowly on its axis, turning exactly three times for every two times it orbits the Sun. Named after the Roman goddess of love, Venus is the only planet named after a female. As you can see in (Figure above), Earth has vast oceans of liquid water, large masses of exposed land, and a dynamic atmosphere with clouds of water vapor. Mercury is the smallest planet and is the closest to the Sun. Scientists think that water once flowed over the Martian surface because there are surface features that look like water-eroded canyons (Figure below). What features can you identify? In other words, on Mercury, a year is only a Mercury day and a half long! The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. Earth, the third planet from the Sun, is the only planet with large amounts of liquid water, and the only planet known to support life. Despite its very short years, Mercury has very long days. A millennia before the Galactic Civil War, the Inner Rim was referred to as the Unknown Reaches. Mercury is one of the densest planets in the Solar System. denser. Curiosity is a car-sized rover that is scouring the red planet for clues; it landed in August 2012. The 4 inner planets are the closest to the Sun, and the outer planets are the other four – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Of the four terrestrial planets, Earth is the largest, and the only one with extensive regions of … The two planets closest to the sun are Mercury and Venus. Just above Earth is its atmosphere. gas giants. Most of the volcanoes are no longer active, but scientists have found evidence that there is some active volcanism (Figure below). The inner planets of the solar system are also called terrestrial planets, and include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. As Figure below shows, the surface of Mercury is covered with craters, like Earth’s moon. Its magnetic field is only about 1 percent that of Earth’s, and it’s very thin atmosphere means that it is hot during the day (up to 430°C) and freezing at night (as low as -187 °C) because the atmosphere can neither keep heat in or out. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) all have a stony surface, whereas the outer planets (Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune) have no real surface, but they are so-called "gas giants", that are mostly composed of more or less liquid gases. 5. terrestrial planets. The locations of these features are mostly related to current or former plate boundaries. Much of Venus’ surface is marked with volcanoes and deep canyons — the biggest of which is over 6400 km (4,000 mi) long. Ancient impact craters means that for billions of years Mercury hasn’t changed much geologically. 3. Unlike the outer planets, which have many of satellites, Mercury and Venus do not have moons, Earth has one, and Mars has two. Earth’s crust is divided into tectonic plates, which move around on the surface because of the convecting mantle below. Because the density of impact craters can be used to determine how old a planet’s surface is, the small number of impact craters means that Venus’ surface is young. solid _____ is the closest planet closest to the Sun. In our solar system we have eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner rocky planets. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet after the god of war. Still we can piece together a few things. Much of the surface is very old and filled with craters, but there are geologically newer areas of the planet as well. It has the right amount of sunlight. This atmosphere is composed of 96% carbon dioxide, along with nitrogen and a few other gases. Earth’s atmosphere protects the planet from dangerous radiation and helps keep valuable sunlight and warmth in, which is also essential for life to survive. A video comparing geologic features on Mars and Earth is seen here: Mars tectonics video http://news.discovery.com/videos/space-3-questions-mars-tectonics.html. The heat that remained from the planet’s accretion, gravitational compression, and radioactive decay allowed the Earth to melt, probably more than once. Name the inner planets from the Sun outward. The four innermost planets of our solar system (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) are called the “terrestrial” planets. 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