The firewood pile was slowly decomposing, and it is likely that the microbe that was isolated from it was a part of the community that was utilizing the wood as an energy source. Planococcus sp. The DNA was then sent to the UAF’s DNA Core Lab sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencer which utilized the next-generation sequencing methodology. PAMC21323 are shown in Table 1. Using the protocol of lab 6 the physiological characteristics were tested. The literature on the Planococcus species like donghaensis, kocurii, halocryophilus and antarticus often notes how closely related the species are and how further analysis like G-C content, fatty acid strains, DNA-DNA hybridization etc1,2 are needed to differentiate the species. Tests were performed on the isolate by obtaining cells from either the TSA plates or from the slant agar. Planomicrobium okeanokoites was reclassified from Flavobacterium okeanokoites. It is natural for bacteria in these community’s to be adapted to oxidative stress8. Planococcus sp. (2008). While under the microscope it was observed that the cells could be aligned linearly, in pairs or quads but not in a longer strep chain. The thioglycolate test had growth throughout the agar with thicker growth at the surface, which revealed that the microbe’s oxygen class was facultative aerobe. The identification of this microbe would add to the depth of knowledge of what bacteria are and can be found on decomposing wood in the sub-artic. ein neues System der Bakterien. The bacterium is Gram-positive and possesses all the characteristics of the genus Planococcus. Colony morphology including color, size, margin and elevation was observed from growth on the TSA agar. P. antarticus thrived in an Antarctica, my sample would likely have similar mechanisms for surviving temperatures around -45 degrees Celsius in Faribanks winters. Micrococcus luteus 5. Your email address will not be published. Cells of strain AJ003T were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped and orange. Taxonomic studies were performed on a novel carotenoid-producing strain, designated AJ003T, isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. The sample was streaked using the quadratic method to grow pure isolated colonies onto a tryptic soy agar (TSA) plate. The morphological characteristics that are consistent with the isolate and across the genus are: gram-positive membranes, cocci cell shape, colonies are yellow orange in color, catalase positive and an aerobic oxygen class5. To conclusively Identify the taxonomy of this isolated microbe, it would be advisable to repeat DNA isolation and genomic analysis that was preformed in this project, and to additionally perform other genotypic analyses like, DNA-DNA hybridization and 16s rRNA analysis and fatty acid identity. This is consistent with a study that found, to the level of the genus, that Planococcus’ were susceptible to all antibiotics tested3. , while the
In general, the colonies appear as white, smooth colonies. These communities emit extracellular enzymes to decay the wood, this results in an environment with high acidity and enzymes that are producing free radical oxygen species7. Based on multiple 5. The first publication of a species under the genus Planococcus was P. citreus. Image 5 and 6 are from the Kraken app. Phylogenetic composition and properties of bacteria coexisting with the fungus, de Boer W., van der Wal A. Several other species had similar query cover, including Planococcus antarticus: Image 7. Gemella
At the genus level, morphology can vary greatly. the following information is not yet verified. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain SCU63 T to species in the genera Planococcus and Planomicrobium ranged from 96.5 to 98.6 %. Micrococcus is closely related to Arthrobacter , Planococcus is related to Bacillus , , while the radioresistant cocci called Deinococcus have atypical Gram positive cell walls. Micrococcus roseus 8. Planococcus citreus is Gram stain positive and aerobic. Fackrell, H. (n.d.). While under the microscope it was observed that the cells could be aligned linearly, in pairs or quads but not in a longer strep chain. Halotolerant will grow in nutrient agar
Staphylococcus in Gram Stain Both of these organisms are normal flora of skin and mucous membranes of man and animals. Planococcus, Staphylococcus,,
The genus Planococcus was originally proposed by Migula [1] to accommodate Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and motile cocci of the family Planococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes. Throughout the course of this study I isolated one colony and performed many physiological and genomic tests to identify what species my isolate was. Cell lysis was accomplished through adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which is a surfactant that chemically weakened the cell walls, and the use of PowerBeads and the centrifuge to mechanically break the cell walls. (2016). Abstract. Isolated from sub-artic decomposing wood. To thrive in this community it would be helpful to have mechanisms to process radical oxygen species. Micrococcus halobius 3. A gram-positive (gram-variable), beaded organism with delicate branching was recovered from the sputum of a 20-year-old patient with leukemia. The next app that was used was the Kraken Metagenomics, which provided taxonomic assignment. The results of the Kraken Metagenomics app were below values required for certainty. The Microbes transfer to the agar slant was successful: Image 1, and was successfully re-cultured from the slant when necessary. Planococcus citri, commonly known as the citrus mealybug, is a species of mealybugs native to Asia.It has been introduced to the rest of the world, including Europe, the Americas, and Oceania, as an agricultural pest.It is associated with citrus, but it attacks a … The microbe was susceptible to all eight antibiotics tested. An orange pigmented bacterium, S1, was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected in the vicinity of Schirmacher Oasis, Maitri, the Indian station, inAntarctica. To control growth rates the plates were grown in incubators for 2-4 days at 37 degrees Celsius then moved to a refrigerator to ensure colonies did not grow large enough to touch. 1a). The analysis of the DNA with BaseSpace revealed unreliable data. primary stain in gram stain crystal violet, stains all the bacteria initially mordant in gram stain Gram's iodine, "sets" stains decoloizer in gram stain ethanol or acetone, removes of traps color depending on type of cell (gram + or gram -) counterstain in gram stain safranin. The gram-stain revealed that the isolate was a gram-positive coccid: Image 2. The second most likely species suggested by was P. antarticus, at least this species shares a similar environment. The API 20e tests had negative results for all for the 21 tests: Image 3. radioresistant cocci called Deinococcus
It was identified in 1894, and was only approved in 19806. Of the few documents that relate to Planococcus donhaensis, there is one that notes the origin of the sample, the South Korean Sea. Image 5: Krona Classification Chart from BaseSpace displays the large portion of unclassified reads. The negative results and lack of growth in the API 20e, MAC, and EMB are all consistent with the microbe’s gram-positive cell wall. Inst. Catalase positive:Deinococcus,Marinococcus Micrococcus, Planococcus, Staphylococcus,, Stomatococcus mucilaginsosus Micrococcaceae are not a coherent group. Plesiomonas shigelloides Micrococcus sedentarius 9. Meanwhile, most of the Planococcus bacteria have showed the ability to withstand heavy metals, produce surfactants and adapt to cold and/or saline environments [12–14]. One such mechanism is the use of Catalase to catalyze the transformation of the reactive species hydrogen peroxide into O2. pluton, Pediococcus, Saccharococcus thermophilus, Staphylococcus,
nov. isolated from cyanobacterial mat samples collected from ponds in Antarctica. Micrococcaceae are not a coherent group. BaseSpace’s SPAdes Gemone Assembler analyzed 128 contigs over 1000 base pairs (bp) long, a total length of over 3.7 million bp, the longest contig was 196 thousand bp, and the GC% was 44.4%. The catalase test produced bubbles and the oxidase test produced a blue color change on the strip indicating that the microbe was positive in both tests. The antibiotics tested were Amikacin, Cefazolin, Cefoperazone, Gentamicin, Piperacillin, Tobramycin, Trimethoprim and Vancomycin. Dna was extracted and purified from the isolates cells using protocol from lab 5. The gram-stain was repeated three times before a successful stain was accomplished. The cell walls of Gram positive bacteria differ structurally from the cell … The species classification with the highest query cover is poorly documented in literature. 1. Planococcus antarcticus and Planococcus psychrophilus spp. By Ethan Hanson Classification: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillaes Family:Planococcaceae Genus: Planococcus Species: Planococcus halocryophilus Planococcus halocryophilus is an aerobic, gram-positive bacterium that is found in arctic permafrost. “Interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes and bacteria,’ in. The sample was collected from a dry piece of wood. They are prokaryotic in nature meaning they are the earliest forms of the cell without a nucleus.. Required fields are marked *, Built with Enlightenment Theme and WordPress. Gram Positive Bacteria. The isolate failed to grow on EMB or MAC plates, considering that both plates are selective for gram negative, these results confirm the results of the gram positive test: Image 4. Stomatococcus
Stomatococcus
The Isolate appeared to be a pure culture by the third quadratic streak; a fourth was performed for certainty. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. It forms orange colonies and grows at NaCl concentrations of 2-10 % (w/v) (optimum, 4 % w/v), at 4-50 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). mucilaginsosus. Bakt. Decomposing communities frequently have a mix of fungi and bacteria. The susceptibility of the isolate to 8 different antibiotics was tested using the Kirby-Bauer Method agar and the disk diffusion test per the protocol of Lab 9. The Prokka Genome Annotation app identified 64 tRNAs, 0 rRNAs, 1 CRISPR, and 3739 CDS. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Uwindsor.ca website: https://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/fackrell/Microbes/17375.htm, Your email address will not be published. The gram stain was performed to assess the thickness of the peptidoglycan wall. Bacterium Planococcus halocryophilus that is able to thrive at minus 15 degrees Celsius offers clues about microbial life on both Mars and Enceladus. The gram stain was performed to assess the thickness of the peptidoglycan wall. The results of the SPAdes Genome Assembler were above required values; # contigs >=1000 bp should be in the hundreds, total length should be at least a million bp and the longest contig should be at least 100000 bp. However these similarities are not enough to convince me that they are the same species. I sampled two places, a piece of wood from my fire wood stack (which is exposed to the extreme cold temperatures of Alaskan winters) and the ashes from my stove. have atypical Gram positive cell walls. Sterile water was used to moisten the wood and a sterile swab was rolled along the wood’s surface. Planococcus. At this time the culture was transferred into an agar slant. The sample was stained using the provided protocol, gram-positives and negative controls were compared to the isolate to determine its gram-state (lab 4). Micrococcus is closely related to Arthrobacter , Planococcus is related to Bacillus,
Gram stain. A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid or short rod-shaped, moderate-orange-pigmented, halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacterium, designated strain SCU63 T, was isolated from a saline soil sample in China, and characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A series of patented solutions C1-4 were added following the protocol to purify and remove inhibitors and proteins until all that remained was a pure solution of DNA. coccus-shaped colony-forming BLAST classified the organism as Planoccus donghaensis with a query cover of 77% and a 78% identity. There are some qualities that are consistent between my sample and P. donghaensis, they are both, gram-positive, aerobic, coccus and oxidase positive 1. Kraken Metagenomics app was only able to classify 2.67% of reads, and of those reads only 17% of those reads identified the microbe as Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Colonies are round and yellow in color. Valášková V., de Boer W., Gunnewiek P. J. K., PospÃÅ¡ek M., Baldrian P. (2009). The contig.fasta file from the SPAdes Genome Assembly produced by Illumina’s BaseSpace was analyzed by BLAST. The percent of contigs read needed to be greater than 80% and the percent of those reads that needed to agree upon a classification to trust that classification to the genus level was 80% and to the genus level was 60%. Karlsruhe 1:235-238, p 1781 Genera related
These tests reveal nothing more than a conformation that it is indeed a gram-positive microbe. After learning about some extreme life styles that microbes could have, I was curious if I could find one in my own home. A Gram-staining-positive and aerobic coccus with the ability to degrade petroleum bacterium, designated Y42T, was isolated from the Lenghu oil field located in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. The isolates holotolerance was not tested but the similar cellular membrane composition and habitat conditions indicate that this genus is likely correct. Obligate Aerobic Colonies after 24 hours, gray white, convex and 0.5-1 mm, after 48-72 hours, mucoid to very mucoid, no pigment, non hemolytic The gram-stain was repeated three times before a successful stain was accomplished. Micrococcus lylae 6. They may be domed, shining, mucoid-type colonies with radial striations or may appear smooth with entire edges. Planococcaceae, a family within the order Bacillales, embraces 14 genera: Bhargavaea, Caryophanon, Chryseomicrobium, Filibacter, Jeotgalibacillus, Kurthia, Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Planomicrobium, Rummeliibacillus, Solibacillus, Sporosarcina, Ureibacillus, and Viridibacillus.Members of the family are Gram-variable, spore forming or nonspore forming, and motile … Melissococcus
See-Too, W. S., Ee, R., Lim, Y.-L., Convey, P., Pearce, D. A., Yin, W.-F., & Chan, K.-G. (2017). Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis 7. compare with Marinococcus, Migula W. (1894) Uber
The sample was stained using the provided protocol, gram-positives and negative controls were compared to the isolate to determine its gram-state (lab 4). Jeong-Hwa C, Wan-Taek I, Qing-Mei L, Jae-Soo Y, Jae-Ho S, Sung-Keun R, Dong-Hyun R. Reddy G, Prakash J, Vairamani M, Prabhakar S, Matsumoto G. Shivaji S. Tuncer, I. Colony morphology for these organisms vary depending upon the type of media on which they are cultivated. Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / Planococcaceae / Planococcus Cells coccoid , 1.0–1.2 µm in diameter, occurring singly, in pairs, in groups of three, or as tetrads or clumps of cells. The specimen produced orange, glabrous, waxy colonies on Middlebrook's agar that showed partial acid-fast staining with the modified Kinyoun stain. Genus planococcus. Micrococcus,
MAC plates are also selective for Gram-negative microbes and differentiates between lactose fermenters (agar turns pink) and non-lactose-fermenters (agar turns colorless). This genus is relatively young and is currently growing with many of the species being described within the last ten years. Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. of the genus Planococcus are that the species are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and have cell shapes that include cocci, short rods, or rods (Gan, Zhang, Zhang, et al., 2018). The genus Staphylococcus is found in section 12, volume 2 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: the Gram-Positive Cocci.The section includes aerobic genera (Micrococcus, Planococcus and Deinococcus), facultatively anaerobic genera (Staphylococcus, Stomatococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Aerococcus and Gemella) and anaerobic genera (Peptococcus, … These tests proved that the microbe could thrive in an oxygenated as well as an anoxic environment, that it contained cytochrome c oxidase which is a part of the electron transport chain found in microbes that utilize oxygen, and that it contained the catalase mechanism for dealing with oxidative damage, respectively. Each of those colonies represented a microbe that had the physiological capability of surviving those conditions, and I was interested in observing them in the lab. If any microbes grew from the firewood it would mean that they were able to withstand temperatures below -50 degrees Celsius and be psycrophiles, if any microbes grew in my wood stove they would have had to be thermophiles. Bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter gergoviae and Planococcus citreus can describe histidin as histamin. Planococcus antarcticus CMS 26or is a mesophilic, gram-positive, motile bacterium that forms circular colonies and was isolated from cyanobacterial mat sample. Planococcus faecalis sp. Colony morphology on the TSA agar revealed a yellow colony that’s size increased with time, a smooth round margin and the colony was an elevated domed. Planomicrobium okeanokoites: Planomicrobium okeanokoites is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. coccus-shaped gram-positive Sarcina, Catalase positive:Deinococcus,Marinococcus
It is urease and catalase positive. Euzeby, J. P., & Parte, A. C. (2017, April 1). The genotypic test results for this microbe were vague, the results of BaseSpace had a low number of reads that could be classified and of those reads there was little consensus. Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrocarbon‐degrading, Gram‐positive bacterium, isolated from intertidal beach sediment, and description of Planococcus alkanoclasticus sp. haemolysans, Lactococcus Leuconostoc,
The bacterium was found to be aerobic and Gram-stain positive. mucilaginsos, Streptococcus, Trichococcus flocculiformis, Vagococcus, anaerobes Coprococcus, Peptococcus niger , Peptostreptococcus, Ruminococcus,
Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from sediments of eastern Mediterranean Sea in association with environmental parameters. Of this information, only the number of contigs that were greater than 1000 base pairs long [# contigs (>=1000bp)], The total length of the assembled genome, the longest contig and the guanine and cytosine percentage in the genome (GC%) were observed. Image 6 To 20 Classification Results by Taxonomic Level from BaseSpace. facultative anaerobes: Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus,
Micrococcus agilis 2. Craters may form around the colonies on some media. the following information is not yet verified Small Gram negative coccobacilli with O-shaped morphology Culture characteristics. Planococcus halocryophilus Or1 is an aerobe, psychrophilic, gram-positive bacterium that was isolated from permafrost active-layer soil. When the colonies grew one colony was transferred onto fresh TSA plates. masc. The purity of the isolate was confirmed with the microscopic observation of a mono-culture. Gram‐positive to Gram‐variable. One representative of each from gram stain positive and gram stain negative bacteria was selected to further assess the MIC. Member of the genus Staphylococcus are associated with clinical infections whereas that of Micrococcus are rarely involved in infection. A hallmark of the genus Planococcus is that they are usually halo-tolerant gram-positive bacteria that frequently inhabit Antartica4. Phylogenetic and signature nucleotides analyses revealed that strain Y42T belongs to the genus Planococcus. The results did not meet these thresholds, and this is the reason that the BaseSpace indentified taxanomy of Lysinibacillus sphaericus was rejected. The multiple sequence alignments of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes showed that … The TSA medium provided a suitable environment for a variety of bacteria and a few molds. Using Illumina’s BaseSpace dashboard to handle the data, the isolate’s genome was analyzed and compared to an existing database to search for similar sequences of DNA.
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