The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is one of the most endangered primates on the planet, found only in a few isolated forest fragments among the karst limestone peaks of northern Vietnam. The Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey is endemic to some parts of North Vietnam, and in 1947, it was alleged that the only occurrences were from a Song Koi River area (forests). It is the rarest of the world’s five snub-nosed monkey species. Its head-and-body length is 51 to 65 cm (20 to 26 in) and its tail 66 to 92 cm (26 to 36 in). Leaves and fruit make up most of this monkey’s diet. The ears are tufted, while the nose is flat and turned upward. Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus Rhinopithecus.The genus is rare and not fully researched. It is found at elevations from 200 to 1,200 m (700 to 3,900 ft) on fragmentary patches of forest on craggy limestone areas. The Golden Snub-nosed monkey is from the genera Rhinopithecus, with a scientific name of Rhinopothecus roxellana. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is critically endangered and is a global priority for conservation. It moves about the canopy in small groups.[3]. They live for about 20 to 29 years and have a gestation period of approximately 7 … The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey or Dollman's snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) is a slender-bodied arboreal Old World monkey, endemic to northern Vietnam. Primatology . Their eyes are surrounded by faint, blue colored stripes. The impoverished communities in the remote mountainous areas where it occurs are often not aware that these primates are protected by law. First described in 1912, the monkey was rediscovered in 1990 but is exceedingly rare. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey or Dollman's snub-nosed monkey, (Rhinopithecus avunculus), is a species of snub-nosed monkey endemic to northern Vietnam.Recorded at elevations between 200 to 1,200 m, its distribution is currently restricted to small fragmented tropical evergreen forests associated with steep karst limestone hills and mountains. Today, the population in Khau Ca comprises around 150 individuals, a threefold increase in the number of Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys in this location since their rediscovery. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is endemic to Northeastern Vietnam. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey was thought to be extinct until a small population was rediscovered in the 1990s. Decades of expanding human population and increasing demands for scarce agriculturally viable lands have led to the loss and fragmentation of the monkey's habitats. There are also three subspecies of Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys and all are considered Endangered. They have a wide and flattened face with thick, pink lips. It is the rarest of the world’s five snub-nosed monkey species. With the help of over 7,000 of the world’s best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, Arkive.org featured multi-media fact-files for more than 16,000 endangered species. Some taxonomists group snub-nosed monkeys together with the genus Pygathrix.. Snub-nosed monkeys live in Asia, with a range covering southern China (especially Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) extending into the … Juveniles are grey rather than black and lack the orange throat patch. Boonratana, R. and X.C. The snub-nosed monkeys are herbivores who feed on leaves, seeds, flowers, and fruits. by Tim Knight, Fauna & Flora International. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey resurgence offers renewed hope for rare Vietnamese primate. [3], The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is diurnal and its diet consists of a range of leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey … [4] Despite being heralded as a flagship species and subsequently receiving international attention and conservation actions, the population trend is still declining; therefore causing it to be continuously listed as one of "The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates. Both sexes have slender bodies when compared to other monkeys. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey has a flattened face with a pink upturned nose, thickened pink lips and areas of blue skin around its eyes. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey or Dollman's snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) is a slender-bodied arboreal Old World monkey, endemic to northern Vietnam. Wildscreen's Arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the world's biggest encyclopaedia of life on Earth. (Kirkpatrick, 1995; Le and Boonratana, 2006) Known Predators The Yunnan golden monkey goes by several names including its most descriptive moniker, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey. Taxonomy & Occurrence. The latest survey, as of November 2017, carried out by Fauna & Flora international in Khau Ca forest in April 2017 recorded at least 113-121 individuals making this area home to the largest known population of Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Nguyen Van Truong, 2017). The tail has a white tip. Humans have been known to hunt and eat Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys despite the meat’s apparently bad taste. Total number of Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys left in the wild. Almost 8,000 species of fish, amphibian, reptile, mammal and bird are officially categorised as globally threatened, and over 9,600 tree species are in danger of extinction. The coat color and pattern varies among the population. The second-largest population is under severe pressure from hunting and habitat loss as a result of agricultural conversion, and its future is uncertain. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys are easily recognizable primates, exhibiting a rather unusual appearance. Until the early 1990s, the species was believed extinct. The species is officially one of the world’s 25 most endangered primates. Preliminary Observations on the Ecology and Behaviour of the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus [Presbyticus] avunculus) in Northern Vietnam. In 2008, fewer than 250 individuals were thought to exist, and the species was the subject of intense conservation effort. The main threats to its survival – as with so many other Vietnamese primates – are habitat loss and hunting. Evidenced by both primary and secondary data, the population decline within that 13-year period can only be attributed to hunting activities.[4]. The primate was thought to be extinct until the 1990s, when a small population was discovered in Na Hang District in Tuyên Quang Province of Vietnam. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey has a broad flattened face, with a distinctively pink nose, and tufted ear, giving an almost comical appearance. Rhinopithecus avunculus is a monotypic species (no subspecies).It is only found in northern Vietnam and nowhere else. In N.G. Critically Endangered. Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) is considered one of the 25 most endangered primate species in the world. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is currently listed in § 17.40(c)(1) as “Tonkin snub-nosed langur (Pygathrix [Rhinopithecus] avunculus).” The snub-nosed monkeys of the genus Rhinopithecus were formerly listed as a subgenus of Pygathrix, but Rhinopithecus was elevated to the full genus level in 2001(Groves 2001, p. 287). There are in total 4 species of snub-nosed monkeys in the world, but Vietnam is lucky to be the only country in the world to harbour the Tonkin nub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) in … Other notable features include an orange throat patch and an extremely long, white-tipped tail. The upper parts are black, the underparts creamy-white and there is an orange patch on the throat, particularly obvious in breeding males. Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys are polygynous, which means that one male mates with multiple females. Over 80% of the entire global population is found in a single forest. Five isolated extant populations have been identified since its rediscovery. Vietnam is one of the most biodiverse countries on earth, with a huge variety of distinctive and fascinating wildlife including 25 primate species - 11 of which are critically endangered. It has black and white fur, a pink nose and lips, and blue patches around the eyes. Elsewhere in Vietnam, this monkey appears to have been virtually wiped out. By the time we discovered a globally important population of this monkey in 2002, it was already on the brink of extinction; a mere 50-60 individuals were confirmed to be present in the forest at Khau Ca where it was found. Golden snub-nosed monkeys exhibit significant sexual dimorphism. In 2008, fewer than 250 indi… Likewise, males are longer than females, growing as tall as 26.8 in (68.0 cm), whereas females max out at about 20.4 in (51.8 cm). International Union for Conservation of Nature, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19594A8984679.en, "Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tonkin_snub-nosed_monkey&oldid=984929387, IUCN Red List critically endangered species, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 October 2020, at 23:05. A pioneering study in 1993, in Na Hang Nature Reserve, obtained a population count of 72 individuals (estimated 80), and a subsequent study at the same site in 2005 obtained a population count of 17 individuals (estimated 22). The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is one of the most endangered primates in the world, with fewer than 80-100 mature individuals remaining. Over 80% of the entire global population is found in a single forest. Endemic to northern Vietnam, it is estimated that there are only approximately 200 individuals left in the wild [2]. … Abstract: The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus [Presbytiscus] avunculus), is an endemic, slender-bodied, arboreal colobine, largely restricted to forest on steep limestone mountains in northern Vietnam.Field observations over a five-month period have revealed some aspects of the behavior and ecology of this highly endangered species that were not previously … The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey was first identified in 1912. Their habitats are suffering there are growing numbers of illegal logging in the forests which restricted the Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys’ actions as they live on the trees and the occasional mining causing populated air and change in the environment for them. Its body fur is mainly black, with creamy-white underparts and elbow patches. since the first global non-human primate biennial assessment began in 2001. The exotic and colorful snub-nosed monkey spends its days foraging about the treetop in the mountain forests in China, Myanmar and Vietnam. Like other monkeys who are herbivores, Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys disperse seeds through their feces—thereby helping to regenerate their forest habitat. However, the most common markings are black fur on the parts of the body visible on the exterior, while the interior areas are creamy-white. There is no information on life expectancy of this species. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey was first identified in 1912. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus [Presbytiscus] avunculus), is an endemic, slender-bodied, arboreal colobine, largely restricted to forest … Females weigh about 8 kg (18 lb) while males weigh 14 kg (31 lb). On average, a male golden snub-nosed monkey weighs about 44 lbs (19.9 kg), with his female counterpart weighing in at only 27 lbs (12.2 kg). Its striking facial appearance – protuberant pink lips and upturned nose; powder-blue mask; and patches of pale-blue skin around its eyes – gives the distinct impression that this monkey has been applying heavy make-up without the aid of a mirror. In Ha Giang, FFI has been working since 2003 to conserve Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus). [9] Researchers took this as an encouraging sign that conservation efforts were making an impact on the species' steeply declining numbers. The mating behavior and habits of this species is insufficiently explored due to small overall population and lack of observations in the wild. [7] However, habitats of known Tonkin snub-nosed monkey populations were long lost and fragmented prior to their rediscovery. A site dedicated to the study of Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys with monthly blogs reporting on a current research project in the Tung Vai forest, far north Vietnam The survey identified between 108-113 individuals alive in the conservation zone, nearly half of the standing estimate for world population and the highest number at the site since populations began to be monitored. The nose of the snub-nosed monkeys are, as the name suggests, flattened and set back from the face. By 2008, when a small population with three infants was discovered in a remote forest, fewer than 250 of the primates were thought to exist. The endangered snubed-nosed monkey is only known for northeastern Vietnam, with a rapidly declining population of only about 250 individuals at three separate locations. Heavy poaching, the black market, and the destruction of habitat have greatly diminished this monkey’s population to possibly fewer 200 left. Le Khac Quyet is one of the leading field biologists in Vietnam and is pleased to be a member of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. Le. Conservation Status and Threats. The Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Pygathrix avunculus) weighs approximately 15 kgs (male), and they are located in subtropical lowlands and forests on limestone territory. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey, like many other Vietnamese primates,is precariously close to extinction. The number of viable Tonkin snub-nosed monkey populations remaining in the world. But soon it was missing and the few knowledge about this species based on museum specimens, until in 1992 evidence of a survival of this species appeared. This monkey has also been ruthlessly hunted, not only for bushmeat, but also for its body parts, which are illegally traded to supply the demand for traditional medicine. No other predators of Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys are known, but it is likely that they are preyed on by arboreal snakes and large birds of prey as well as forest cats. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey video by L K Quyet/FFI In 2002, FFI and its partners discovered the largest known population of Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys in Khau Ca forest, Ha Giang Province. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey has been at the centre of FFI’s primate conservation activities for most of this millennium. It is found at elevations from 200 to 1,200 m (700 to 3,900 ft) on fragmentary patches of forest on craggy limestoneareas. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is found only in Vietnam. IUCN Conservation Status . Many people around the world thought the bones of the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey had some “medicinal” benefits that help improve the conditions of the body. It has black and white fur, a pink nose and lips, and blue patches around the eyes. Recorded at elevations between 200 and 1,200 m, its distribution is currently restricted to small fragmented tropical evergreen forests associated with steep karst limestone hills and mountains. Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey - Rhinopithecus avunculus Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Subord Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey - Rhinopithecus avunculus - Carnivora ©2021 Fauna & Flora International - - Registered Charity Number 1011102, By using this site you agree to our use of cookies. He is best known for his work on the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus), one of the most endangered primates in the world.His accomplishments include confirming the presence of this species in the Khau Ca region of Ha … Myanmar Snub-nosed Monkey - Rhinopithecus strykeri Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Myanmar Snub-nosed Monkey - Rhinopithecus strykeri - Carnivora The main threats faced by these monkeys are habitat loss and hunting, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the species as "critically endangered". The pug-nosed primate is also notable for its bright red lips, which act as a status symbol for high-ranking males. Five years later, FFI discovered a separate population of this monkey – subsequently confirmed as the second-largest – in a forest fragment near the border with China. 315-322. FFI has focused on engaging local communities in species monitoring and habitat protection at both these sites. Leaves and fruit make up most of this monkey’s diet. Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus Dollman, 1912 Vietnam (2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008) Le Khac Quyet, Dong Thanh Hai & Tilo Nadler The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is one of four unusual, large, Asian colobine monkeys of the genus Rhinopithecus, all of which possess a characteristic turned-up nose. First described in 1912, the monkey was rediscovered in 1990 but is exceedingly rare. [8] In December 2013, Fauna & Flora international released the result of a population survey conducted between September and October of that year in the Khau Ca Species and Habitat Conservation Area, Ha Giang province, Vietnam. However, gestation period is known to last for 200 days, yielding 1 - 2 infants. FFI photo of Tonkin snub-nosed monkey by Xi Zhinong, Wild China. In order to safeguard the largest surviving population, we worked with the Vietnamese authorities to ensure that the Khau Ca forest was given formal protection, since when numbers have stabilised and steadily increased. ), The Natural History of the Doucs and Snub-nosed Monkeys. Habitat loss and hunting are some of the major causes for declines of naturally occurring populations of non-human primates, including the Tonkin Snub-nosed monkey. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Ltd. Pp. Furthermore, they are also diurnal creatures which means that they are active in the day and sleep at night. Find out more. With fewer than 250 individuals in the wild, the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey is one of the most endangered primates in the world [1,2]. Other species of snub-nosed monkeys include: Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus bieti, Endangered Both species are listed as Critically Endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This species is one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world (Mittermeier et al., 2012), it is also listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Critically Endangered (IUCN, 2013). With an estimated 70 individuals, and the only population not in decline, this group is now considered the most important for the survival of the species. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey is still officially listed among the world’s 25 most endangered primates. The name refers to its missing nasal bones—an evolutionary curiosity. The Tonkin snub-nosed monkey lives in extended family groups – comprising an adult male plus several females and their offspring – that often come together to sleep or feed, but sightings have become increasingly rare; its range has shrunk to just a handful of locations and numbers at most of these have been declining dramatically. “Tonkin Snub-Nosed Monkey.” Animalia, animalia.bio/tonkin-snub-nosed-monkey. The last few groups are thought to have been reduced to isolated individuals with little prospect of recovery. Please support FFI's efforts to save it. "[5][6] Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys are one of top 25 most endangered primates in the world, and they are only found in Vietnam. The species is officially one of the world’s 25 most endangered primates. Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) Already in 1912 was the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) for the first time in North Vietnam described. 1998a. Jablonski (ed. The monkey is … It is now receiving the international attention it deserves, but much work remains to be done to secure its long-term future. Widespread deforestation as a result of agricultural encroachment, firewood collection and other destructive activities have led to a drastic reduction in – and fragmentation of – this primate’s favoured habitat. Thus, the Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys feed, travel, socialize, and sleep in these groups. 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